How Do You Compare Public Companies To Private Competitors?

If you wanted to compare a publicly held company to a privately held competitor company how would you do that considering the private company does not reveal its financial statements, etc?

How Do You Compare And Contrast Democracy And Socialism And What’s The Difference Between Socialism And Co?

The last word got cut off. Its communism. These are two social studies questions and I have NO idea how to answer them. Help please? This is 9th grade btw.